California FAIR Plan — What You Need to Know

The insurer of last resort
is not a homeowners policy.

Hundreds of thousands of California policyholders now rely on the FAIR Plan after private carriers reduced availability in parts of the state. It provides basic property coverage for covered perils, but many homeowners still need companion/DIC coverage to address gaps. Here's what to review before assuming you're fully protected.

FAIR Plan by the Numbers
684K
Total dwelling and commercial policies in force as of March 2026 — a 152% increase since September 2022
Source: California FAIR Plan Key Statistics & Data, March 2026
$750B
Total FAIR Plan exposure as of March 2026, reflecting a 242% increase since September 2022
Source: California FAIR Plan Key Statistics & Data, March 2026
$2.02B
Total written premium as of March 2026, reflecting a 208% increase since September 2022
Source: California FAIR Plan Key Statistics & Data, March 2026

Important: Read Before You Assume You're Covered

What the FAIR Plan is — and
what it definitely is not

The California FAIR Plan was created as a last-resort source of basic property insurance when traditional coverage is not reasonably available. Understanding what the policy covers — and what may require companion coverage — matters enormously before a loss.

🚨
The FAIR Plan is not homeowners insurance.
If you have only a FAIR Plan policy and no companion/Difference in Conditions (DIC) policy alongside it, review your coverage carefully. You may be missing liability, theft, water damage, additional living expense, ordinance or law, or broader personal property coverage. This is not a technicality — it can be a major coverage gap for California homeowners.
✓ What FAIR Plan covers (named perils)
Fire and lightning (the primary coverage)
Internal explosion
Smoke (from sudden/accidental fire)
Windstorm and hail (some policies)
Riot and civil commotion
Vehicle and aircraft damage to structure
Extended coverage perils (varies by plan)
✗ What FAIR Plan does NOT cover
Personal liability — zero coverage if someone is injured on your property
Theft — burglary, vandalism and theft are excluded
Water damage — burst pipes, plumbing failures, appliance leaks
Loss of use / ALE — no hotel or rental reimbursement after a loss (unless added)
Personal property (full) — limited personal property for non-fire causes
Earthquake — requires separate earthquake policy
Flood — requires NFIP or private flood policy
Building code upgrades — compliance costs after a rebuild

The Scale of the Problem

California's insurance crisis
by the numbers

684K
FAIR Plan policies in force
as of March 2026
152%
Increase in policies in force
since September 2022
$750B
Total FAIR Plan exposure
as of March 2026
$2.02B
Total written premium
as of March 2026

How We Got Here

The CA insurance market collapse
timeline

1
2017–2019
Wine Country & Camp Fire losses reshape market
The Tubbs, Carr, and Camp fires collectively cause $35B+ in insured losses. Carriers begin large-scale non-renewals in WUI zones. The FAIR Plan begins its exponential growth phase.
$35B+ insured losses 2017–2019
2
2021–2022
Admitted carriers begin formal California exits
AIG, Chubb, and other major carriers begin reducing or eliminating new business in California high-risk ZIP codes. Homeowners who lose coverage flood into the FAIR Plan. FAIR Plan premiums increase 40–100% in a single renewal cycle for many policies.
FAIR Plan policies double in 18 months
3
2023
State Farm and Allstate stop new business
State Farm — California's largest home insurer — announces it will stop accepting new homeowners insurance applications in California, citing wildfire risk and construction costs. Allstate confirms similar restrictions. Hundreds of thousands of existing policyholders face non-renewal notices.
1 in 5 CA ZIP codes now classified high-risk
4
2025
Regulatory reforms & ongoing market instability
California's Sustainable Insurance Strategy attempts to bring carriers back through rate reform and catastrophe modeling changes. Some carriers cautiously return. But hundreds of thousands of Californians remain on the FAIR Plan — many still needing to review whether companion/DIC coverage is appropriate.
684K FAIR Plan policies — record high

Claim Handling Reality

What FAIR Plan policyholders
experience when claims are filed

The FAIR Plan exists to provide access — not to be a best-in-class claims partner. After major California fire events, homeowners with limited or fire-only coverage can face difficult claims, documentation, and coverage-coordination questions. The issue is often not just the claim process — it is whether the missing coverages were purchased before the loss.

⏱️
Slow Initial Response
After a major wildfire, claim volume can surge across the insurance system. Homeowners should keep photos, receipts, contractor estimates, inventories, and all policy documents organized before a loss so the review process is easier.
Documentation helps after major wildfire events
📉
Low Initial Settlement Offers
Initial repair or rebuild estimates can differ from actual contractor pricing, especially after large wildfire events when labor and materials are constrained. Homeowners should compare estimates carefully and understand their policy limits, deductibles, and ordinance or law coverage.
Rebuild estimates can change after catastrophes
🗂️
Limited Adjuster Capacity
Large fire events can create high claim volume and contractor scarcity across entire regions. That makes accurate dwelling limits, current rebuild-cost assumptions, and complete documentation especially important.
High claim volume can affect timelines
🚫
Denial of ALE / Loss of Use
Many homeowners do not realize that loss of use or Additional Living Expense coverage may need to be reviewed separately. Without adequate ALE coverage, temporary housing during a rebuild can become a major out-of-pocket expense.
Review ALE / loss-of-use coverage carefully
⚖️
Dispute Resolution Difficulty
Coverage disputes can become expensive and stressful after a major loss. Before a claim happens, homeowners should understand how their FAIR Plan and companion/DIC policies coordinate, who insures each coverage part, and what documentation each carrier requires.
Know how policies coordinate before a loss
🏗️
No Building Code Upgrade Coverage
When a California home is substantially damaged, current building codes can require upgrades that were not part of the original structure. Ordinance or law coverage should be reviewed because code-upgrade costs can be substantial, especially on older homes.
Ordinance/law coverage should be reviewed

The Solution

The DIC policy: how to make
the FAIR Plan actually work

A Difference in Conditions (DIC) policy wraps around your FAIR Plan fire policy and fills in all the coverage it excludes. Together, they approximate a real homeowners policy — though at higher total cost.

⚖️
Personal Liability Coverage
The single most dangerous gap in a FAIR Plan-only program. A DIC policy provides $300K–$500K+ in personal liability — protecting you if a tenant or visitor is injured on your property.
💧
Water Damage
Burst pipes, appliance leaks, and plumbing failures cause more homeowner claims than fire in normal years. A DIC policy covers these sudden and accidental water events that FAIR Plan completely excludes.
🏨
Loss of Use / Additional Living Expenses
Hotel, rental housing, restaurant costs while your home is rebuilt. California rebuilds take 12–24 months. A DIC policy provides 12–24 months of ALE coverage — critical in a high-cost state where monthly rents routinely exceed $3,000–$5,000.
🔒
Theft and Vandalism
Burglary, theft, and vandalism losses are completely excluded from the FAIR Plan. A DIC policy covers personal property theft — at home and often away from home — and vandalism to the structure.
🏗️
Building Ordinance / Law
Pays the gap between rebuilding to pre-loss standard and what current California building codes actually require. Critical for any home built before 2000 — especially in seismic zones.
FAIR Plan + DIC = Complete Coverage
FAIR Plan (fire, named perils)You have this
Personal liability ($300K+)DIC adds this
Water damage (sudden/accidental)DIC adds this
Loss of use / ALE (12–24 months)DIC adds this
Theft and vandalismDIC adds this
Building ordinance / lawDIC adds this
Broader personal propertyDIC adds this
ResultComprehensive protection
Important: DIC policies are written to coordinate with FAIR Plan coverage. The DIC policy triggers wherever the FAIR Plan stops. The two policies must be placed together to avoid overlaps and gaps. We structure both policies simultaneously — not as two separate products from two different brokers.
Typical Combined Cost
FAIR Plan premium + DIC premium combined is typically $4,000–$12,000/year for a $700K–$1.5M California home in a high-risk area. This is higher than what admitted market coverage cost before carriers exited — but it is genuinely comprehensive coverage, not fire-only protection.
Get a DIC Review →

FAQ

FAIR Plan & DIC explained

The California FAIR Plan is the state's insurer of last resort — created to provide basic fire insurance to homeowners who cannot obtain coverage in the private admitted market. It is not a homeowners policy. It covers fire and a handful of named perils only, and excludes personal liability, theft, water damage, loss of use, and most other standard homeowners coverages.

If an admitted market carrier will write your property, that is almost always the better option. Admitted market homeowners policies (HO3, HO5) provide far broader coverage than FAIR Plan + DIC, and are typically less expensive. The problem is that admitted market carriers have restricted or stopped writing many California ZIP codes — particularly in wildfire-adjacent areas. We always check admitted market availability first before recommending FAIR Plan + DIC.

A Difference in Conditions (DIC) policy fills all the gaps left by your FAIR Plan fire policy. If you have only a FAIR Plan policy with no DIC, you have no liability coverage, no theft coverage, no water damage coverage, and likely no additional living expenses if you're forced out of your home during rebuilding. For any California homeowner relying on the FAIR Plan, a DIC policy is not optional — it is essential.

Combined FAIR Plan + DIC premiums vary significantly by property location, value, construction type, and coverage limits. For a $700K–$1.5M California home in a moderate-to-high wildfire zone, combined annual premiums typically run $4,000–$12,000/year. This is meaningfully higher than what admitted market homeowners coverage cost before the market disruption — but it provides genuine, comprehensive protection versus fire-only FAIR Plan coverage alone.

The California FAIR Plan is backed by assessments against all admitted market insurance companies doing business in California — meaning if the FAIR Plan cannot pay claims, admitted carriers are required to contribute. However, with $750B in total insured value and a massive catastrophic fire event, the assessment mechanism would be severely strained. This is a known systemic risk that California's insurance regulators actively monitor.

Call us for a coverage review. We will check whether any admitted market carriers can write your property first — that is always preferable. If FAIR Plan is your only option, we place a DIC policy alongside it to fill the critical gaps: liability, water damage, loss of use, theft, and building ordinance/law. We structure both policies simultaneously so there are no coordination gaps between the two.

Don't Wait for a Claim to Find Out

If you're on the FAIR Plan,
review your companion coverage today.

We review your current FAIR Plan coverage, identify potential gaps, and help evaluate companion/DIC coverage or admitted-market alternatives when available for your property.

Or call Brian: 310-804-5017